scobina, Potamotrygon Garman [S.] 1913:418 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 36; ref. 1545] Rio Tocantins at Cametá, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MCZ 602-S. Type catalog: Hartel & Dingerkus 1997:xliv [ref. 23119]. •Valid as Potamotrygon scobina Garman 1913 -- (Castex 1964:27 [ref. 20924], Hartel & Dingerkus 1997:xix [ref. 23119], Compagno 1999:495 [ref. 25589], Carvalho et al. in Reis et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27061], Almeida et al. 2008:85 [ref. 40894], Carvalho et al. 2011:26 [ref. 31264], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745], Fontenelle et al. 2014:150 [ref. 33180], Carvalho 2016:562 [ref. 34666], Carvalho 2016:6 [ref. 34730], Carvalho 2016:648 [ref. 34997], Carvalho et al. 2016:581 [ref. 34422], Weigmann 2016:157 [ref. 34211], Fontenelle & Carvalho 2017:5 [ref. 35537], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:33 [ref. 35633], Ehemann et al. 2019:[7] [ref. 36861], Taphorn et al. 2022:9 [ref. 41297] as cf. scobina, Carvalho-Filho 2023:321 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Potamotrygon scobina Garman 1913. Potamotrygonidae: Potamotrygoninae. Distribution: South America: widely distributed in the Amazon and Orinoco basins (Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.