marmorata, Pteroplatea Cooper [J. G.] 1864:112, Fig. 25 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 1) v. 3 (sigs. 7-8); ref. 4877] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): [ex Calif. State Coll. 674]. •Valid as Pteroplatea marmorata Cooper 1864 -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:23 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864) -- (Castro-Aguirre 1965:242 [ref. 41098], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:56 [ref. 9277], Nishida 1990:92 [ref. 19783], Allen & Robertson 1994:36 [ref. 22193], McEachran in Fischer et al. 1995:758 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre & Espinosa Pérez 1996:54 [ref. 22793], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:36 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:62 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:64 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:497 [ref. 25589], Nelson et al. 2004:57 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:14 [ref. 37547], Jacobsen & Bennett 2009:21 [ref. 30470], Smith et al. 2009:762 [ref. 31278], Page et al. 2013:57 [ref. 32708], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:143 [ref. 34871], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:131 [ref. 34398], Weigmann 2016:143 [ref. 34211], Yokota et al. 2016:516 [ref. 35009], Kells et al. 2016:86 [ref. 35888], Ebert et al. 2017:60 [ref. 35618], Ehemann et al. 2018:27 [ref. 36194], Calle-Morán et al. 2020:247 [ref. 37881], González-Acosta et al. 2021:8 [ref. 38361], Love et al. 2021:29 [ref. 39279], Gales et al. 2023:[3] [ref. 40704], Page et al. 2023:47 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40981], Ehemann et al. 2024:563 [ref. 41359], Fricke et al. 2024:101 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Gymnura marmorata (Cooper 1864). Gymnuridae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Pacific coast of Baja California Sur (Mexico), including Gulf of California (Mexico). Records from southern Mexico to Peru probably based on misidentifications. IUCN (2020): Near Threatened. Habitat: brackish, marine.