chapadae, Astyanax Fowler [H. W.] 1906:349, Fig. 33 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Headwaters of Rio Paraguay, near Santa Ana da Chapada [or ? headwaters of the Rio Tocantins], Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ANSP 21828 (caudal fin damaged). Paratype: ANSP 21829 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Bryconamericus chapadae (Fowler 1906) -- (Britski et al. 1999:30 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Knodus chapadae (Fowler 1906) -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Ferreira & Lima 2006:635 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:App. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:582 [ref. 37361], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Ferreira 2024:210 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Knodus chapadae (Fowler 1906). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Paraguay River basin, Brazil and Bolivia and Tocantins basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.