taurocephalus, Hyphessobrycon Ellis [M. D.] 1911:151, Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [footnote p. 151] [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1, art. 2); ref. 1269] Rio Iguaçu at Serrinha Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 54389 [ex CM 3007]. Paratypes: (67) CAS 22778 [ex IU 13277, CM 3008] (5), FMNH 15091-93 (3), 54390 (23), 54391 (22). Type catalog: Henn 1928:66 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:48 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis 1911 -- (Lima & Gerhard 2001:111 [ref. 25355], López et al. 2002:59 [ref. 26808], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:141 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2004:36 [ref. 28039], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Carvalho et al. 2014:247 [ref. 33371], Dagosta et al. 2014:366 [ref. 33382], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis 1911. Acestrorhamphidae: Hyphessobryconinae. Distribution: South America: Iguaçú River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.