australe, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:103 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Arroyos Trementina and Chagalalina, Argentina; Brazil [probably Río Aquidaban, Concepcion, Paraguay]. Lectotype: CAS 70818. Paralectotype: CAS 70819 (1). Lectotype selected by Reia et al. 2019:224 [ref. 37037]. •Synonym of Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner 1907) -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:16 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:27 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Moenkhausia australe Eigenmann 1908 -- (Dagosta et al. 2015:424 [ref. 33998], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Dickens 2019:165 [ref. 37135]). •Valid as Moenkhausia australis Eigenmann 1908 -- (Reia et al. 2019:218 [ref. 37037], Mirande et al. 2020:4 [ref. 37445], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Reia et al. 2021:11 [ref. 38582], Marinho & Benine 2024:223 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia australis Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: La Plata basin in lower portion of upper Paraná basin (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; Misiones, Argentina), Rio Paraguai and Rio Uruguai basins, and Amazon basin at upper Rio Madeira basin (Rio Guaporé and Rio Mamoré) (Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.