australe, Pyrrhulina Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:508 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Concepción, Paraguay, near 23°4'2"S, 57°3'1"W. Holotype: CAS 60490 [ex IU 9901]. Paratypes: (34) AMNH 1231 (1), 1474 (3); CAS 60491 [ex IU 9900] (13), 60492 [ex IU 9901] (orig. 21, now 11); FMNH 52671 (2); NMW 56957 (1); ZMB 16929-30 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:74 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708] as australe, Fernández & Butí 1996:253 [ref. 22775], Britski et al. 1999:83 [ref. 24147], Zarske & Géry 2001:16 [ref. 25157] as australe, Lasso et al. 2001:97 [ref. 25928], Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:247 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:35 [ref. 27366] as australe, Zarske & Géry 2004:42 [ref. 28037], Casciotta et al. 2003:122 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Netto-Ferreira & Marinho 2013:373 [ref. 32716], Koerber 2014:2 [ref. 33621] not in Argentina, Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:14 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Zarske 2016:63 [ref. 35241], Nión et al. 2016:29 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:21 [ref. 35267], Dickens 2019:166 [ref. 37135], Vieira & Netto-Ferreira 2019:7 [ref. 36867], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364], Loureiro et al. 2023:50 [ref. 40506], Souza et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40640], Netto-Ferreira 2024:389 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina australis Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: South America: La Plata, Paraguay and Amazon River basins, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.