sardina, Charax Fowler [H. W.] 1913:566, Fig. 21 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Rio Madeira, about 200 miles east of 62°20'W, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ANSP 39307. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:53 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Cynopotamus sardina (Fowler 1913) -- (authors). •Valid as Acestrocephalus sardina (Fowler 1913) -- (Menezes 1976:39 [ref. 7073], Taphorn 1992:96 [ref. 23654], Lasso & Taphorn 2000:443 [ref. 25255], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:200 [ref. 27061], Menezes 2006:387 [ref. 28897], Mirande 2010:495 [ref. 31006], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:88 [ref. 35773], Taphorn et al. 2022:13 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Acestrocephalus sardina (Fowler 1913). Characidae: Characinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.