rathbuni, Aphyocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:10 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Arroyo Chagalalina, Paraguay basin. Holotype (unique): CAS 76467 [ex IU 10025]. •Valid as Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann 1907 -- (Fernández & Butí 1996:252 [ref. 22775], Britski et al. 1999:45 [ref. 24147], Lima in Reis et al. 2003:198 [ref. 27061], Willink et al. 2003:3 [ref. 26755], López et al. 2003:21 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:76 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:43, 183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:17 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:26 [ref. 35267], Brito et al. 2018:398 [ref. 36071], Brito et al. 2019:515 [ref. 37042], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann 1907. Characidae: Aphyocharacinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.