heterodon, Holesthes Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:87, Fig. 32; Pl. 15 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 1231] Jaguara, Rio Grande emptying into Rio Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 57890 [ex CM 6875a]. Paratypes: (109) ANSP 134940 (1, c&s); CAS 98919 [ex IU 14115, CM 6876] (4); FMNH 57881-89 (15, 21, 7, 5, 1, 10, 4, 1, 1), 57891 (17), 57893 (1), 57896 (3); CAS-SU 17522 [ex FMNH 57891 & CM 6876] (5, 1 missing). Type catalog: Henn 1928:58 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:47 [ref. 12367], Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621]. Genus emended on p. 83 from Holoshesthes Eigenmann 1903. •Valid as Holesthes heterodon Eigenmann 1915 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708]). •Valid as Serrapinnus heterodon (Eigenmann 1915) -- (Malabarba 1998:215 [ref. 23844], Malabarba & Weitzman 1999:429 [ref. 24417], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:219 [ref. 27061], Jerep & Malabarba 2014:307 [ref. 33376], Malabarba & Jerep 2014:58 [ref. 33440], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Jerep et al. 2016:296 [ref. 34362], Ingenito et al. 2016:1 [ref. 34700] as maybe an introduction, Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Melo et al. 2016:376 [ref. 35317], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], Reis et al. 2020:458 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Brandão et al. 2023:111 [ref. 40464], Koerber et al. 2022:41 [ref. 39235], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Jerep et al. 2024:276 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrapinnus heterodon (Eigenmann 1915). Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco and upper Paraná River basins and coastal drainages (eastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.