arenatus, Carapus Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.] 1850:210, Pl. 8 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Río Guayaquil, Ecuador. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3809 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:44 [ref. 19577] as auratus, Ferraris et al. 2017:[35] [ref. 35236]. •Synonym of Sternopygus aequilabiatus (Humboldt 1805), but a valid species -- (Mago-Leccia 1994:24 [ref. 21320]). •Synonym of Sternopygus aequilabiatus (Humboldt 1805) -- (Albert & Fink 1996:89 [ref. 22024]). •Valid as Sternopygus arenatus (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850) -- (Albert in Reis et al. 2003:489 [ref. 27061], Crampton et al. 2004:248 [ref. 27652] dating to 1841, Crampton et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27764], Hulen et al. 2005:412 [ref. 28485], Barriga Salazar 2014:116 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:274 [ref. 34894], Ferraris et al. 2017:[35] [ref. 35236]). Current status: Valid as Sternopygus arenatus (Eydoux & Souleyet 1850). Sternopygidae: Sternopyginae. Distribution: Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.