turcicus, Squalius De Filippi [F.] 1865:359 [Note di un viaggio in Persia nel 1862; ref. 13943] River Arax [Aras Nehri] near Erzurum, Turkey. ?MZUT. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies orientalis Nordmann 1840 -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Turan et al. 2013:323 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:156 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:119 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Çiçek et al. 2018:16 [ref. 36267], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:152 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:414 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2024:264 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Squalius turcicus De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Kura-Aras River and southern Caspian Sea basins (Turkey, Iran). Habitat: freshwater.