pantherinus, Rhamphichthys Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:86, Pl. 46 (fig. 3) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Lake near Río Ucayali, Peru. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3993. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:43 [ref. 19577], Ferraris et al. 2017:[28] [ref. 35236]. Günther 1875:5 [ref. 1995] serves as first reviser selecting pantherinus over marmoratus (see Ferraris et al. 2017:[28] [ref. 35236]). •Provisionally a synonym of Rhamphichthys marmoratus Castelnau 1855 -- (Triques 1999:1 [ref. 24281], Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:493 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Rhamphichthys pantherinus Castelnau 1855 -- (Mago-Leccia 1994:41 [ref. 21320], Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Albert 2001:124 [ref. 25614], Ferraris et al. 2017:[28] [ref. 35236], Silvano et al. 2020:199 [ref. 38135], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:21 [ref. 39298], Carvalho & Albert 2023:43 [ref. 40654], Koerber et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40665], Torgersen et al. 2023:780 [ref. 40692], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Rhamphichthys pantherinus Castelnau 1855. Rhamphichthyidae. Distribution: South America: upper Orinoco, Tocantins, Essequibo, and coastal northern River drainages of Brazil from the Turiaçu to Paranaiba River drainages, and western Amazon basin (Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, Peru and Ecuador). IUCN (2023): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.