trimaculatus, Hippocampus Leach [W. E.] in Leach & Nodder 1814:104 [Zoological miscellany; being descriptions of new, or interesting animals v. 1-3; ref. 2738] Indian and Chinese seas. Syntypes: BMNH 1982.6.17.42 (1), .43 (1), .44-45 (2), .46-47 (2). Kuiter 2009:122 [ref. 30404] considers Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach in Leach & Nodder 1814 as unidentifiable, and splits the complex into H. kampylotrachelos Bleeker 1854, H. takakurae Tanaka 1916, H. dahli Ogilby 1908, H. manadensis Bleeker 1856, H. biocellatus Kuiter 2001, H. planifrons Peters 1877, H. montebelloensis Kuiter 2001 and H. zebra Whitley 1964. We believe that the frequently used name Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach 1814 should be retained for one of these species, but that action requires examination of the syntype series, revision of the complex and fixation of a lectotype for H. trimaculatus Leach 1814. •Undetermined (within genus Hippocampus) -- (Kuiter 2009:19, 122 [ref. 30404]). •Valid as Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach 1814 -- (Dawson 1986:453 [ref. 5650], Kim & Lee 1995 [ref. 22284], Gomon 1997:246 [ref. 22842], Larson & Williams 1997:352 [ref. 23967], Lourie et al. 1999:244 [ref. 23766], Lourie et al. 1999:125 [ref. 23993], Nakabo 2000:535 [ref. 25086], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:56 [ref. 25480], Nakabo 2002:535 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:233, 555 [ref. 26218], Choo & Liew 2003:271 [ref. 26841], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S102 [ref. 27377], Choo & Liew 2004:411 [ref. 28042], Randall 2005:111 [ref. 28239], Yoshida et al. 2013:71 [ref. 34464], Lourie 2016:104 [ref. 34505], Lourie et al. 2016:42 [ref. 34632], Zhang et al. 2016:385 [ref. 34762], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 2 [ref. 35615], Han et al. 2017:134 [ref. 35660], Kim et al. 2020:87 [ref. 39118], Sonoyama et al. 2020:37 [ref. 37637], Moots 2022:473 [ref. 39722], Allen & Erdmann 2024:224 [ref. 40796], Bishop et al. 2024:[6] [ref. 40989]). Current status: Valid as Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach 1814. Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: ?Persian Gulf; southern India east to Society Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Japan, south to northern Australia. Habitat: marine.
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