maculatus, Nerophis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1810:37, 57, Pl. 2 (fig. 4) [Indice d'ittiologia siciliana; ref. 3595] Palermo, Sicily, Italy, Mediterranean Sea. Spelled maculatus on plate and p. 37, maculata on p. 57. •Valid as Nerophis maculatus Rafinesque 1810 -- (Wheeler 1973:277 [ref. 7190], Dawson in Whitehead et al. 1986:633 [ref. 13676], Ahnelt 1991:50 [ref. 19120], Santos et al. 1997:74 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:65 [ref. 24952], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:65 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:31 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:74 [ref. 29533], Kuiter 2009:243 [ref. 30404], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:37 [ref. 36649], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 4 [ref. 35615], Artüz & Fricke 2019:555 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:176 [ref. 37250], Parenti 2019:101 [ref. 37117], Kovačić et al. 2020:23 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:35 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:37 [ref. 39014]). Current status: Valid as Nerophis maculatus Rafinesque 1810. Syngnathidae: Nerophinae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Azores. Habitat: brackish, marine.