penicillus, Syngnathus Cantor [T. E.] 1849:1368 [386] [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 18 (pt 2); ref. 715] Sea of Penang, Malaysia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1860.3.19.526. On p. 386 of separate. •Valid as Parasyngnathus penicillus (Cantor 1849) -- (Dawson 1984:75 [ref. 21119]). •Valid as Hippichthys penicillus (Cantor 1849) -- (Dawson 1985:100 [ref. 6541], Allen & Swainston 1988:46 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:420 [ref. 12442], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:451 [ref. 25598], Allen 1991:107 [ref. 21090], Kottelat et al. 1993:99 [ref. 23448], Randall 1995:102 [ref. 22896], Allen 1997:72 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:352 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:133 [ref. 23922], Takahashi et al. 1997:44 [ref. 24971], Sato et al. 1998:39 [ref. 24972], Paulus 1999:2271 [ref. 24794], Johnson 1999:726 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:524 [ref. 25086], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Sakai et al. 2001:91 [ref. 25693], Shimizu 2001:24 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:27 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2002:337 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:524 [ref. 26001], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S101 [ref. 27377], Paxton et al. 2006:824 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:278 [ref. 30404], Jenkins & Mailautoka 2010:114 [ref. 30900], Larson et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:303 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:47 [ref. 33932] with Bleeker as author, Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Eagderi et al. 2019:134 [ref. 37020], Sonoyama et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37637], Cho & Kim 2021:197 [ref. 38851], Taki et al. 2021:341 [ref. 39830], Moots 2022:462 [ref. 39722], Stiller et al. 2022: Additional file p. 18 [ref. 39142], Jamandre 2023:176 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Hippichthys penicillus (Cantor 1849). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf and Oman east to Philippines and New Guinea, north to Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan) and Pacific coast of southern Japan, south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.