cyanospilos, Syngnathus Bleeker [P.] 1854:114 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 16924] Banda Neira, Banda Islands, Indonesia [Banda Sea, western Pacific]. Holotype (unique): RMNH 7228. •Valid as Syngnathus cyanospilus Bleeker 1854 -- (Wu & Lu in Kuang et al. 1986:199 [ref. 26639]). •Valid as Hippichthys cyanospilos [sometimes as cyanospilus] (Bleeker 1854) -- (Dawson 1978:150 [ref. 7026], Dor 1984:77 [ref. 29757], Araga in Masuda et al. 1984:86 [ref. 6441], Dawson 1985:97 [ref. 6541], Dawson 1986:452 [ref. 5650], Dawson 1986:283 [ref. 6201], Paxton et al. 1989:419 [ref. 12442], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:451 [ref. 25598], Kottelat et al. 1993:99 [ref. 23448], Goren & Dor 1994:20 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:102 [ref. 22896], Larson & Williams 1997:352 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:133 [ref. 23922], Paulus 1999:2271 [ref. 24794], Johnson 1999:726 [ref. 25471], Randall & Lim in Randall & Lim 2000:604 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:524 [ref. 25086], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:55 [ref. 25480], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:166 [ref. 27511] as cyanospilus, Sakai et al. 2001:90 [ref. 25693], Nakabo 2002:524 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:28 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S101 [ref. 27377], Randall 2005:109 [ref. 28239] as cyanospilus, Paxton et al. 2006:823 [ref. 29073], Kuiter 2009:279 [ref. 30404], Satapoomin 2009:59 [ref. 30463], Jenkins & Mailautoka 2010:114 [ref. 30900], Allen & Erdmann 2012:199 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:303 [ref. 32989], Miesen et al. 2016:87 [ref. 34492], Hamilton et al. 2016:Supplement 1 [ref. 35615], Golani & Fricke 2018:50 [ref. 36273], Arndt & Fricke 2019:30 [ref. 36883], Eagderi et al. 2019:133 [ref. 37020], Moots 2022:461 [ref. 39722], Allen & Erdmann 2024:217 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Hippichthys cyanospilos (Bleeker 1854). Syngnathidae: Syngnathinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius) east to Palau and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.
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