marginatus, Serranus Lowe [R. T.] 1834:142 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1833 (pt 1) (for 24 Dec.); ref. 2826] Off Madeira. Neotype: MMF 3388. Possible syntype: BMNH 1858.4.2.81 (1) [from Lowe]. Neotype designated by Heemstra 1991:39 [ref. 19323]. •Synonym of Epinephelus guaza [or gvaza] (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1990:700 [ref. 18227]). •Valid as Mycteroperca marginata (Lowe 1834) -- (Ma & Craig 2018:456 [ref. 36100] as marginatus). •Valid as Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834) -- (Heemstra 1991:38 [ref. 19323], Randall & Heemstra 1991:198 [ref. 19601], Heemstra & Randall 1993:186 [ref. 21042], Bianchi & Carpenter in Bianchi et al. 1993:155 [ref. 25472], Grace et al. 1994:23 [ref. 25512], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:x [ref. 21953], Randall 1995:133 [ref. 22896], Louisy 1996:21 [ref. 22516], Santos et al. 1997:80 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:79 [ref. 24952], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:207 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466], Parenti & Bressi 2001:281 [ref. 25708], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:79 [ref. 26753], López et al. 2002:65 [ref. 26808], Machado et al. 2003:133 [ref. 26945], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S104 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27192], Luiz et al. 2004:1176 [ref. 27860], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:169 [ref. 28072], Golani 2005:36 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:80 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:30 [ref. 30263], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:42 [ref. 36649], Craig et al. 2011:185 [ref. 31786], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Heemstra & Anderson in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2393 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:46 [ref. 35565], Reid et al. 2016:100 [ref. 36644], Martins & Carneiro 2018:124 [ref. 36550], Spier et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36103], Almeida & Alves 2019:272 [ref. 37509], Carneiro et al. 2019:244 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:171 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:7 [ref. 36717], Bariche & Fricke 2020:85 [ref. 37515], Béarez et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37874], Bogorodsky et al. 2020:515 [ref. 38001], Kovačić et al. 2020:41 [ref. 37519], Parenti & Randall 2020:74 [ref. 37354], Akhilesh et al. 2021:52 [ref. 38701], Bañón & Maño 2021:81 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:41 [ref. 38303], González-Lorenzo et al. 2021:148 [ref. 38374], Kovačić et al. 2021:77 [ref. 39014], Yağlıoğlu & Turan 2021:134 [ref. 38884], Fermon et al. 2022:288 [ref. 39448], Heemstra 2022:62 [ref. 39742], Zajonz et al. 2022:83 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:117 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:55 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463], Fricke et al. 2024:71 [ref. 41255], He et al. 2024:3 [ref. 40897]). Current status: Valid as Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe 1834). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Espiritu Santo (Brazil) south to Argentina; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; southern Black Sea; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Angola, including Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain) and São Tomé and Principe; western Indian Ocean: Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to southern Mozambique, east to Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion); Socotra (Yemen); southern Oman; southern India. Hybridizes with Mycteroperca rubra (Bloch 1793). Habitat: marine.
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