macracanthus, Heros Günther [A.] 1864:153 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1864 (pt 1) (art. 3) (for 22 Mar. 1864); ref. 13930] Chiapas (Mexico) and Huamuchal (Guatemala). Syntypes: (about 12) BMNH 1864.1.26.197-200 (4), 1864.1.26.252-254 (3) Chiapas, 1864.1.26.368 (1) Huamuchal, 1864.1.26.255 (1, skeleton); ZMB 6259 (1). type catalog: Paepke & Schindler 2013:269 [ref. 32895]. •Valid as Cichlasoma macracanthum (Günther 1864) -- (Conkel 1993:91 [ref. 22949], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:68 [ref. 22290], Nelson et al. 2004:152 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Amphilophus macracanthus (Günther 1864) -- (Burgess 2000:54 [ref. 24818], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:611 [ref. 27061], Miller 2006:360 [ref. 28615], Chakrabarty 2007:21 [ref. 29359], McMahan et al. 2013:451 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:156 [ref. 32708], ? Kottelat 2013:373 [ref. 32989]). •Valid as Astatheros macracanthus (Günther 1864) -- (Říčan et al. 2016:31 [ref. 34357], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:294 [ref. 36544], Gómez-Martínez et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39506], Barraza et al. 2022:210 [ref. 40101], Barrientos et al. 2023:273 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:136 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Astatheros macracanthus (Günther 1864). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: Southern North America and Central America: Pacific slope from Rio Tehuantepec (Mexico) south to western Guatemala and El Salvador. IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.