pappaterra, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:396 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 2828. Possible types: NMW 23684-85 (1, 1), 90310 (1, dry). •Synonym of Geophagus jurupari Heckel 1840 -- (Gosse 1976:49 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel 1840) -- (Britski et al. 1999:146 [ref. 24147], Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:642 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:130, 189 [ref. 35004], Koerber et al. 2017:80 [ref. 35267], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[27] [ref. 35679], Ota et al. 2018:110 [ref. 35801], Careaga et al. 2020:77 [ref. 37774], Hablützel & Huanto 2020:56 [ref. 37939]). Current status: Valid as Satanoperca pappaterra (Heckel 1840). Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraná River basins (Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.