megasema, Geophagus Heckel [J. J.] 1840:388 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 2; ref. 2064] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 16246 (1, dry), 90309 (1, dry), 92453 (1, dry); SMF 3125 [ex NMW in 1844] (1, dry). •Synonym of Geophagus surinamensis (Bloch 1791) -- (Gosse 1976:26 [ref. 7029]). •Valid as Geophagus megasema Heckel 1840 -- (Kullander in Reis et al. 2003:633 [ref. 27061], López-Fernández & Taphorn 2004:3 [ref. 27573], Staeck & Schindler 2006:74 [ref. 28755], Lucinda et al. 2010:42 [ref. 30771], Deprá et al. 2014:745 [ref. 33631], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:98 [ref. 35633], Ximenes et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38836], Chuctaya et al. 2022:13 [ref. 39723]). Current status: Valid as Geophagus megasema Heckel 1840. Cichlidae: Cichlinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Colombia and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.