mesopotamicus, Myletes (Myleus) Holmberg [E. L.] 1887:387 [Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba v. 10; ref. 27229] Río Uruguay and Río Baradero, afluente del Rio Paraná, Uruguay. Syntypes: (2, whereabouts unknown). Also appeared in Holmberg 1891:193 [ref. 2192]. •Valid as Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:188 [ref. 25838], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:472 [ref. 31006], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:91, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:4 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40740], Loureiro et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40506], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.