spilopleura, Serrasalmus Kner [R.] 1858:166 [6] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Bobota, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 57085. Paralectotypes: NMW 16344 (1, dry), 79457-59 (1, 1, 1, all dry). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:43 [p. 35 of separate], Pl. 5 (fig. 11) [ref. 7130]. Lectotype selected by Jégu & Santos 2001:125 [ref. 25562]. •Valid as Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Cestari & Galetti 1992 [ref. 19896], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24147], Butí & Cancino 1999:71 [ref. 25277], Nakayama et al. 2000:149 [ref. 24554], Jégu & Santos 2001:119 [ref. 25562], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:116 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665], Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, and coastal rivers of northern Brazil (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.