carvalhoi, Bunocephalus Miranda Ribeiro [P. de] 1944:1, Fig. [Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, Nova Série No. 13; ref. 13176] Magé, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNRJ 1060. Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1958:4 [ref. 22034], Ferraris 2007:59 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Bunocephalus carvalhoi Miranda Ribeiro 1944 -- (Burgess 1989:303 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Dysichthys iheringii (Boulenger 1891) -- (Mees 1988:90 [ref. 6401], Mees 1989:222 [ref. 13383]). •Synonym of Bunocephalus iheringii Boulenger 1891 -- (Friel in Reis et al. 2003:263 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:59 [ref. 29155]). •Synonym of Pseudobunocephalus iheringii (Boulenger 1891) -- (Friel 2008:294 [ref. 29834] by inference, Litz & Koerber 2014:21 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:35 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Pseudobunocephalus iheringii (Boulenger 1891). Aspredinidae: Pseudobunocephalinae. Habitat: freshwater.