melanostomus, Holotaxis Cope [E. D.] 1870:563 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Pebas, Peru. Syntypes: not found. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:119 [ref. 13621]. Apparently not treated by Weitzman & Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003 [ref. 27061] except to list as the type species of Holotaxis. •Valid as Pyrrhulina melanostoma (Cope 1870) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:11 [ref. 9708], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:186 [ref. 35004]). •Valid as Pyrrhulina melanostomus (Cope 1870) -- (López et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27366], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Netto-Ferreira 2024:391 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pyrrhulina melanostomus (Cope 1870). Lebiasinidae: Pyrrhulininae. Distribution: South America: Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.