scrofa, Scorpaena Linnaeus [C.] 1758:266 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Mediterranean Sea: Rome (Italy) and Marseille (France). No types known. Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:237 [ref. 13434], Fricke et al. 2018:[16] [ref. 36159]. Based on “Scorpaena tota rubens, cirris plurimis ad os“ of Artedi 1738:47 [ref. 30578] and Artedi 1738:76 [ref. 30349], and “Scorpaena cavite cavernoso, cirris geminis in maxilla inferiore“ of Gronow 1754:v. 1, p. 46, no. 103 [ref. 20783]; Artedi’s compilation based on various pre-Linnaean sources. Species epithet misspelled scropha by Cuvier 1831:122 [ref. 30376]. •Valid as Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:63 [ref. 39336], Eschmeyer 1969:69 [ref. 1274], Blanc & Hureau 1973:581 [ref. 7218], Dor 1984:82 [ref. 29757], Hureau & Litvinenko in Whitehead et al. 1986:1221 [ref. 13677], Eschmeyer 1986:471 [ref. 5652], Eschmeyer & Dempster 1990:675 [ref. 17613], Goren & Dor 1994:22 [ref. 25356], Santos et al. 1997:77 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:116 [ref. 24952], Caputo & Sorice 1999:81 [ref. 25260], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466] with question, Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:70 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:33 [ref. 37112], Motomura et al. 2005:867 [ref. 28254], Fricke et al. 2007:77 [ref. 29533], Fricke 2008:25 [ref. 30182], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:39 [ref. 36649], Wirtz et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32972], Poss 2016:2282 [ref. 34610], Fricke et al. 2018:133 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2018:[16] [ref. 36159], Martins & Carneiro 2018:106 [ref. 36550], Artüz & Fricke 2019:555 [ref. 36612], Carneiro et al. 2019:233 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:96 [ref. 36864], Fricke & Zhukov 2019:466 [ref. 36990], Bariche & Fricke 2020:107 [ref. 37515], Fricke & Zhukov 2020:123 [ref. 37214], Fricke et al. 2020:358 [ref. 37738], Kovačić et al. 2020:40 [ref. 37519], Bañón & Maño 2021:68 [ref. 38883], Golani 2021:36 [ref. 38303], Iglésias et al. 2021:175 [ref. 38818], Kovačić et al. 2021:76 [ref. 39014], Wibowo & Motomura 2021:[22] [ref. 38565], Yedier & Bostanci 2021:200 [ref. 38796], Fermon et al. 2022:295 [ref. 39448] with question, Poss & Motomura 2022:529 [ref. 39725] as cf. scrofa). Current status: Valid as Scorpaena scrofa Linnaeus 1758. Scorpaenidae: Scorpaeninae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic: British Isles south to Senegal, including Azores (Portugal), Madeira (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain) and Cape Verde Islands; Red Sea; western Indian Ocean; Somalia south to South Africa, east to Saya de Malha Bank and Madagascar. Habitat: brackish, marine.
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