carolinae, Potamocottus Gill [T. N.] 1861:41 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 8 (1861-1862); ref. 1785] Maysville, Kentucky, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 33438 (1), USNM 2859 (lost). •Valid as Cottus carolinae (Gill 1861) -- (Lee et al. 1980:807 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:476 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:246 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:102 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:386 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:665 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:251 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:183 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:493 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:390 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:119 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:284 [ref. 27931], Robins 2005:4 [ref. 28230], Proudlove 2006:189 [ref. 28992], Neely et al. 2007:651 [ref. 29262] as "c. carolinae", Scharpf 2008:8 [ref. 30399] with subspecies and remarks, Kinziger & Wood 2010:59 [ref. 30701], Page & Burr 2011:470 [ref. 31215] with 3 subspecies, Adams et al. 2013:491 [ref. 32429], Page et al. 2013:122 [ref. 32708],. Goto et al. 2014:[10] [ref. 33456], Bagley et al. 2023:320 [ref. 41241], Page et al. 2023:183 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Cottus carolinae (Gill 1861). Cottidae. Distribution: Eastern North America: eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.