asper, Callichthys Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:232 [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [= Rio Macacu at the village of Japuíba, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 22°33'40"S, 42°41'40"W]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-1951 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:64 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:110 [ref. 29155]. Type locality restricted by Koerber & Reis 2020:4 [ref. 37463]. •Listed under Callichthys aff. callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Malabarba 1989:146-146 [ref. 14217]). •Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Reis in Reis et al. 2003:293 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:110 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:22 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus 1758). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.