asper, Callichthys Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:157 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] American Rivers. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.193 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:213 [ref. 13434] but as holotype, Ferraris 2007:167 [ref. 29155] •Synonym of Doras cataphractus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:213 [ref. 13434]). •Synonym of Acanthodoras cataphractus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Sabaj & Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:458 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:167 [ref. 29155]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthodoras cataphractus (Linnaeus 1758). Doradidae: Acanthodoradinae. Habitat: freshwater.