cyanostigma, Rhamdia Cope [E. D.] 1870:569 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Pebas, Peru. Syntypes: ANSP 8381-83 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:141 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:190 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Pimelodella cyanostigma (Cope 1870) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:14 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:280 [ref. 12860], Bockmann & Guazzelli in Reis et al. 2003:418 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:190 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:114 [ref. 35745] as cf. cyanostigma, Slobodian et al. 2017:95 [ref. 35643], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Pimelodella cyanostigma (Cope 1870). Heptapteridae: Rhamdiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon basin (Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.