tuyra, Arius Meek [S. E.] & Hildebrand [S. F.] 1923:128, Pl. 5 [Field Museum of Natural History, Publications, Zoölogical Series v. 15 (publ. 215); ref. 2963] Río Tuyra, mouth of Río Yape, Darien, Panama (Pacific). Holotype: USNM 79413. Paratypes: FMNH 26711-12 (2), 26713-15 (3); USNM 79411-12 (1, 2), 79414 (2); plus 7 other specimens. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:11 [ref. 12367], Ferraris & Vari 1992:7 [ref. 19771], Ferraris 2007:40 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Arius tuyra Meek & Hildebrand 1923 -- (Burgess 1989:169 [ref. 12860]). •Possibly a synonym of Cathorops festae Boulenger 1898 -- (Betancur-R. & Acero P. 2004:13 [ref. 28008]). •Valid as Cathorops tuyra (Meek & Hildebrand 1923) -- (Bussing & López S. 1994:58 [ref. 23101], Allen & Robertson 1994:69 [ref. 22193], Kailola & Bussing in Fischer et al. 1995:883 [ref. 22829], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:161 [ref. 24555], Marceniuk & Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:450 [ref. 27061], Kailola 2004:132 [ref. 28108], Marceniuk & Menezes 2007:46 [ref. 29031], Ferraris 2007:40 [ref. 29155], Marceniuk 2007:46 [ref. 29324], Marceniuk & Betancur-R. 2008:43 [ref. 29576], Marceniuk et al. 2009:274 [ref. 30406], Marceniuk et al. 2012:666 [ref. 32225], Angulo et al. 2013:992 [ref. 33194], Barriga Salazar 2014:115 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:399 [ref. 34894], Marceniuk et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34763], Marceniuk et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40422]). Current status: Valid as Cathorops tuyra (Meek & Hildebrand 1923). Ariidae: Ariinae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Panama south to Peru, including adjacent estuaries and freshwater habitats. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.