hepsetus, Esox Linnaeus [C.] 1758:314 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] America (Brazil; Jamaica). No types known. Based on the "Piqvitinga" of Markgraf von Liebstadt 1648:159, fig. [ref. 30347] (Brazil), on the "Menidia corpore subpellucido, linea laterali latiori argentea" of Browne 1756:441, Pl. 45 (fig. 3) [ref. 30188] (Jamaica), and on the "Argentina pinna dorsali pinnae ani opposita" of Linnaeus 1749:321 [ref. 38023]. Incorrectly spelled epsetus by Bonnaterre 1788:175 [ref. 4940]. •Valid as Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Smith 1986:398 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:73 [ref. 23100], Whitehead et al. 1988:355 [ref. 5725], Scott & Scott 1988:119 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:53 [ref. 14674], Cervigón 1991:112 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:43 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:311 [ref. 23827], Murdy et al. 1997:66 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:351 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:46 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:129 [ref. 24550], Camargo & Isaac 2001:140 [ref. 27639] as cf. hepsetus, Munroe in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:106 [ref. 26158], López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808], Nizinski & Munroe 2003:774 [ref. 26995], Smith et al. 2003:10 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:66 [ref. 27807], García-Hernández et al. 2009:91 [ref. 37265], Page et al. 2013:66 [ref. 32708], Nión et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35565], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:344 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:435 [ref. 35886], Angulo et al. 2023:16 [ref. 40676], Bagley et al. 2023:313 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:67 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:59 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:140 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus 1758). Engraulidae: Engraulinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to Uruguay, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. IUCN (2015): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.