polystaphylodon, Arius Bleeker [P.] 1846:46 [172] [Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen. v. 21 (art. 5); ref. 313] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.12.4.98 (poor condition). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:52 [ref. 29155]. Also in Bleeker 1846:46 [ref. 313]. Identifiactions from east Africa probably in error (see Ng & Sparks 2003:16 [ref. 27207]). See van Oijen et al. 2009:76 [ref. 30423]. •Valid as Arius polystaphylodon Bleeker 1846 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:220 [ref. 12442], Burgess 1989:169 [ref. 12860], Kottelat et al. 1993:80 [ref. 23448], Tan & Ng 1999:296 [ref. 24254], Kailola 1999:1860 [ref. 24732] as "Arius", Kailola in Randall & Lim 2000:589 [ref. 25122] as "Arius", Ng 2003:2 [ref. 27208], Ng & Sparks 2003:16 [ref. 27207]). •Valid as Plicofollis polystaphylodon (Bleeker 1846) -- (Kailola 2004:142 [ref. 28108], Marceniuk & Menezes 2007:95 [ref. 29031], Ferraris 2007:52 [ref. 29155], Marceniuk et al. 2012:668 [ref. 32225], Kottelat 2013:251 [ref. 32989], Marceniuk et al. 2017:[4] [ref. 35522], Fricke et al. 2018:62 [ref. 35805], Marceniuk et al. 2023:27 [ref. 40422]). Current status: Valid as Plicofollis polystaphylodon (Bleeker 1846). Ariidae: Ariinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific/Africa, south and southeast Asia and southern New Guinea: Mozambique and Madagascar; Indonesia, Singapore and Papua New Guinea. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.