probatocephalus, Sparus Walbaum [J. J.] (ex Schöpf) 1792:295 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] No locality stated [New York, U.S.A.]. No types known. Based on 'Sparus, Sheepshead in Neuyork' in Schöpf 1788:152 [ref. 18700]. •Valid as Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum 1792) -- (Lee et al. 1980:754 [ref. 22416], Robins & Ray 1986:181 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:389 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:150 [ref. 14674], Boschung 1992:141 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:440 [ref. 23827], Murdy et al. 1997:234 [ref. 23144], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:351 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:162 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:143 [ref. 27639], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:429 [ref. 26158], Smith et al. 2003:36 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:145 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:389 [ref. 28815], García-Hernández et al. 2009:93 [ref. 37265], Di Dario et al. 2013:264 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:150 [ref. 32708], Catelani et al. 2014:933 [ref. 37496], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:350 [ref. 35886], Spier et al. 2018:13 [ref. 36103], Parenti 2019:72 [ref. 36892], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:667 [ref. 38945], Bagley et al. 2023:324 [ref. 41241], Barrientos et al. 2023:275 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:207 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Archosargus probatocephalus (Walbaum 1792). Sparidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia (Canada) south to Brazil, including Gulf of Mexico, but except West Indies and Bahamas. IUCN (2014): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.