quelen, Pimelodus Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1824:228, Pl. 49 (figs. 3-4) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Cachoeira de Macacu, tributary of the Rio Soarinho, Rio Macacu drainage, Baía de Guanabara hydrographic basin, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, 22°38'6"S, 42°43'6"W. Neotype: MNRJ 51746. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:200 [ref. 29155], Koerber & Reis 2019:53 [ref. 37078]. Neotype designated by Silfvergrip 1996:97, 139 [ref. 22347] as NRM 16091; Silfvergrip designated the same neotype for other species making them objective synonyms of quelen; these actions were considered as invalid by Koerber & Reis 2020:5 [ref. 37463] and by Angrizani & Malabarba 2020:93 [ref. 37584]. New neotype designation by Angrizani & Malabarba 2020:93 [ref. 37584]. •Mention -- (Malabarba 1989:144 [ref. 14217], Britski et al. 1998:98 [ref. 24147]). •Valid as Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard 1824) -- (Mees 1986:319 [ref. 5693], Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:279 [ref. 12860], Silfvergrip 1996:95 [ref. 22347], Castro & Casatti 1997:342 [ref. 23333], Torelli et al. 1997:70 [ref. 24612], Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Sverlij et al. 1998:58 [ref. 27632], Fuller et al. 1999:217 [ref. 25838], Le Bail et al. 2000:144 [ref. 24549], Lasso et al. 2001:99 [ref. 25928], Casatti et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25929], Romero & Paulson 2001:27 [ref. 26040], Miquelarena et al. 2002:78 [ref. 26517], López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808], Bockmann & Guazzelli in Reis et al. 2003:424 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:63 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:139 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:83 [ref. 28131], Bichuette & Trajano 2005:593 [ref. 28555], Ferraris 2007:199-200 [ref. 29155], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503] as cf. quelen, Barriga Salazar 2014:114 [ref. 35745], Catelani et al. 2014:931 [ref. 37496], Litz & Koerber 2014:21 [ref. 33622], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:159, 191 [ref. 35004], Barrientos et al. 2015:4 [ref. 37653], Hernández et al. 2015:570 [ref. 34223], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:186 [ref. 34894], Mirande & Koerber 2015:34 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:417 [ref. 34561] as aff. quelen, DoNascimiento 2016:532 [ref. 34727], Garavello & Shibatta 2016:[10] [ref. 34385], Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], Nión et al. 2016:33 [ref. 35565], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:92 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35267], Ribolli et al. 2017:[5] [ref. 35238], Angrizani & Malabarba 2018:44 [ref. 35829], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:78 [ref. 35773], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506] as cf. quelen, Brosse et al. 2019:134 [ref. 38320], Dickens 2019:171 [ref. 37135], Koerber & Reis 2019:53 [ref. 37078], Angrizani & Malabarba 2020:93 [ref. 37584], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:6 [ref. 39606], Koerber & Reis 2020:3 [ref. 37463], Reis et al. 2020:466 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37809], Vita et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37506], Brandão et al. 2022:163 [ref. 40464], Koerber et al. 2022:59 [ref. 39235], Giora & Wingert 2023:96 [ref. 41026] as aff. quelen, Loureiro et al. 2023:130 [ref. 40506] as aff. quelen, Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Vieira et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40759], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41573], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:45 [ref. 41258] as cf. quelen). Current status: Valid as Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard 1824). Heptapteridae: Rhamdiinae. Distribution: South America: southeastern Brazil. Introduced elsewhere? IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.