rugosus, Bunocephalus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:498 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Laguna near Arroyo Chagalalina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS [ex IU 9819] (apparently lost). Eigenmann specimens (possibly types): CAS 76888 [ex IU 10131] (1), ZMB 16868 (1), 17051 (1). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:60 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Dysichthys rugosus (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Mees 1988:90 [ref. 6401], Gómez & Chebez 1996:57 [ref. 23791], Burgess & Finley 1996:167 [ref. 22901]). •Status uncertain and type lost -- (Mees 1989:247 [ref. 13383]). •Valid as Bunocephalus rugosus Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Burgess 1989:303 [ref. 12860], Friel in Reis et al. 2003:263 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:64 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:82 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:60 [ref. 29155]). •Valid as Pseudobunocephalus rugosus (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Friel 2008:294 [ref. 29834], Koerber 2011:4 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:7 [ref. 33621], Sarmiento et al. 2014:189 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:35 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:54 [ref. 35267], Leão et al. 2019:123 [ref. 36648]). Current status: Valid as Pseudobunocephalus rugosus (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Aspredinidae: Pseudobunocephalinae. Distribution: Paraguay-Paraná River basin: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.