emarginatus, Hypostomus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:500 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 15; ref. 1008] Probably from Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9447 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1950:70 [ref. 19575], Ferraris 2007:297 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Plecostomus emarginatus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:40 [ref. 37559]). •Valid as Hypostomus emarginatus Valenciennes 1840 -- (Isbrücker 1980:23 [ref. 2303], Ortega & Vari 1986:17 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:431 [ref. 12860], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850]). •Valid as Squaliforma emarginata (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Isbrücker et al. 2001:22 [ref. 25649], Isbrücker 2001:28, 32 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:29 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:367 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:79 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:297 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:113 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:192 [ref. 35004], Zawadzki et al. 2015:57 [ref. 33866], DoNascimiento 2016:533 [ref. 34727], Careaga et al. 2020:78 [ref. 37774]). •Valid as Aphanotorulus emarginatus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Ray & Armbruster 2016:512 [ref. 34178], Oliveira et al. 2017:[7] [ref. 35225], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:81 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:76 [ref. 35773], Silvano et al. 2020:248 [ref. 38135], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:25 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:52 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:50 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Aphanotorulus emarginatus (Valenciennes 1840). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: upper Orinoco River, Essequibo River and eastern Amazon River basins (Brazil, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.