spixii, Pimelodus Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1829:19 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Marajó Bay, Pará State, Brazil [Equatorial Brazil = lower Amazon basin]. Neotype: MZUSP 49345. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:40 [ref. 29155]. Neotype selected by Marceniuk et al. 2012:86 [ref. 31865]. Original type locality see Koerber 2021:93 [ref. 38172]. •Valid as Arius spixii (Agassiz 1829) -- (Burgess 1989:169 [ref. 12860]). •Valid as Cathorops spixii (Agassiz 1829) -- (Uyeno & Aizawa in Uyeno et al. 1983:160 [ref. 14275], Cervigón 1991:143 [ref. 24472], Cervigón 1992:260 [ref. 23827], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:47 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:149 [ref. 24550] as spixi, Le Bail et al. 2000:32 [ref. 24549], Marín 2000:68 [ref. 26252], Acero P. 2003:849 [ref. 26998], Marceniuk & Ferraris in Reis et al. 2003:449 [ref. 27061], Marceniuk & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:42 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:83 [ref. 27807], Kailola 2004:132 [ref. 28108], Betancur-R. & Acero P. 2005:54 [ref. 28341], Marceniuk 2005:97 [ref. 28718], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:16 [ref. 28815], Marceniuk & Menezes 2007:45 [ref. 29031], Ferraris 2007:40 [ref. 29155], Betancur-R. et al. 2007:349 [ref. 29268], Marceniuk & Betancur-R. 2008:43 [ref. 29576], Marceniuk et al. 2012:78, 94 [ref. 31865], Marceniuk et al. 2012:666 [ref. 32225], Catelani et al. 2014:931 [ref. 37496], Marceniuk et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:344 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36103], Ribeiro et al. 2019:8 [ref. 36717], Koerber 2021:90, 93 [ref. 38172], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:164 [ref. 38945], Koerber et al. 2022:63 [ref. 39235], Carvalho-Filho 2023:72 [ref. 40480], Marceniuk et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40422], Vieira et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40759], Lutz et al. 2024:8 [ref. 41548]). Current status: Valid as Cathorops spixii (Agassiz 1829). Ariidae: Ariinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Guyana south to Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.