paulinus, Plecostomus Ihering [R. von] 1905:560 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 15 (no. 90) (art. 75); ref. 15388] Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1905.6.9.4. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:258 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Hypostomus paulinus (Ihering 1905) -- (Isbrücker 1980:30 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:432 [ref. 12860], Gómez & Chebez 1996:64 [ref. 23791], Isbrücker 2001:28, 31 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:19 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:361 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:51 [ref. 27366], Armbruster 2004:79 [ref. 27644], Menni 2004:81 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:258 [ref. 29155], Cardoso et al. 2012:77 [ref. 32154], Mirande & Koerber 2015:43 [ref. 35117], Cardoso et al. 2016:22 [ref. 34373], Koerber et al. 2017:62 [ref. 35267], Ramos et al. 2017:8 [ref. 35396], Zawadzki et al. 2018:[17] [ref. 35944], Zawadzki et al. 2019:[11] [ref. 37170], Reis et al. 2020:467 [ref. 38364], Brandão et al. 2022:173 [ref. 40464] as aff. paulinus, Zawadzki & Azevedo 2024:325 [ref. 41237]). Current status: Valid as Hypostomus paulinus (Ihering 1905). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Distribution: South America: Tietê River drainage, Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.