carvalhoi, Plecostomus Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1937:54 [O Campo Rio de Janeiro No. 1; ref. 5025] Rio Granjeiro, Crato, Ceará, Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 924A. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 924 (3). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:401 [ref. 12732], Ferraris 2007:252 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:401 [ref. 12732] [but perhaps specimen not isolated]. Zawadzki et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35355] and Zawadzki et al. 2019:[11] [ref. 37170] state MNRJ 28870 (2) as syntypes. •Valid as Hypostomus carvalhoi (Miranda Ribeiro 1937) -- (Isbrücker 1980:21 [ref. 2303], Burgess 1989:431 [ref. 12860], Isbrücker 2001:28, 31 [ref. 25653], Isbrücker 2002:18 [ref. 27178], Weber in Reis et al. 2003:356 [ref. 27061], Armbruster 2004:79 [ref. 27644], Ferraris 2007:252 [ref. 29155], Zanata et al. 2013:241 [ref. 32751], Zawadzki et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35355], Zawadzki et al. 2019:[11] [ref. 37170]). •Synonym of Hypostomus pusarum (Starks 1913) -- (Lustosa-Costa et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41308]). Current status: Synonym of Hypostomus pusarum (Starks 1913). Loricariidae: Hypostominae. Habitat: freshwater.