xanthomelas, Brachygobius Herre [A. W. C. T.] in Herre & Myers 1937:43, Pl. 4 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 13; ref. 2123] 55 miles north of Singapore, freshwater ditches, Mawai District, Johore, Malaysia. Holotype: CAS-SU 30953. Paratypes: (56) FMNH 47982 (1), CAS-SU 16964 (now 8), USNM 101226 (7), ZRC 2134 [ex CAS-SU] (4). Type catalog: Koumans 1940:153 [ref. 2676], Böhlke 1953:108 [ref. 12291], Alfred 1970:72 [ref. 23931], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:17 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Brachygobius xanthomelas Herre 1937 -- (Miller 1989:380 [ref. 13540], Kottelat et al. 1993:143 [ref. 23448], Roberts 1989:168 [ref. 6439], Ng & Tan 1999:364 [ref. 24159], Larson in Randall & Lim 2000:636 [ref. 25122], Larson 2001:53 [ref. 25522], Kottelat 2013:403 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Brachygobius kabiliensis Inger 1958 -- (Larson et al. 2008:141 [ref. 29532] in part with author as Herre & Myers) Current status: Valid as Brachygobius xanthomelas Herre 1937. Gobiidae: Gobionellinae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaya (Malaysia) and northwestern Borneo (Malaysia and Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia). IUCN (2019): Data deficient. Habitat: freshwater.