laukidi, Rhamdia Bleeker [P.] 1858:208 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 4 (art. 2); ref. 365] First Río Casiquirae caño, about 5 minutes from confluence of Río Casiquiare and Río Orinoco left side, Venezuela. Neotype: ANSP 174652. Type catalog: Boeseman 1972:308 [ref. 19698], Ferraris 2007:199 [ref. 29155]. Neotype designated by Silfvergrip 1996:131 [ref. 22347]. •Valid as Rhamdia laukidi Bleeker 1858 -- (Burgess 1989:279 [ref. 12860] with question, Silfvergrip 1996:90 [ref. 22347], Bockmann & Guazzelli in Reis et al. 2003:423 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:199 [ref. 29155], Hernández et al. 2015:570 [ref. 34223], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:92 [ref. 35633], Angrizani & Malabarba 2018:44 [ref. 35829], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:457 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Rhamdia laukidi Bleeker 1858. Heptapteridae: Rhamdiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Essequibo and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.