foina, Pimelodus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1849:628 [Reisen in Britisch-Guiana; ref. 3072] Takutu, Guyana. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3039. Type catalog: Silfvergrip & Paepke 1997:169-170 [ref. 24006], Ferraris 2007:197 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Rhamdia foina (Müller & Troschel 1849) -- (Burgess 1989:278 [ref. 12860], Silfvergrip 1996:76 [ref. 22347], Bockmann & Guazzelli in Reis et al. 2003:423 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:197 [ref. 29155] dated 1848, Garavello & Shibatta 2016:[11] [ref. 34385], Borstein et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:49 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Rhamdia foina (Müller & Troschel 1849). Heptapteridae: Rhamdiinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo, Branco, Negro, Tocantins and Trombetas River basins (Brazil, Guyana and Suriname). Habitat: freshwater.