grunniens, Pimelodus Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:172 [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Río Orinoco, South America. No types known. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:336 [ref. 29155]. •Valid as Rhamdia grunniens Humboldt 1821, but perhaps a synonym of Phractocephalus hemiliopterus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Burgess 1989:278 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Machado-Allison et al. 2000:71 [ref. 26045], Nico 2001:147 [ref. 25828], Lundberg & Littmann in Reis et al. 2003:438 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:336 [ref. 29155], Grant 2021:83 [ref. 38702]). Current status: Synonym of Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Pimelodidae. Habitat: freshwater.