zungaro, Pimelodus Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:170, Pl. 46 (fig. 1) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Near Tomependa, Río Marañon, Amazon River basin, Peru. Holotype (unique): not preserved. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:344 [ref. 29155]. Based on field observation and sketch. Zungaro humboldtii Bleeker 1858 is an unneeded substitute. •Valid as Pseudopimelodus zungaro (Humboldt 1821) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:15 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:276 [ref. 12860], Galvis et al. 1997:69 [ref. 23651], Gómez & Chebez 1996:59 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:97 [ref. 24147], Machado-Allison et al. 2000:66 [ref. 26045]). •Valid as Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt 1821) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:35 [ref. 37559], Silfvergrip 1992:306 [ref. 19999], Chang & Ortega 1995:4 [ref. 24302], Sverlij et al. 1998:57 [ref. 27632] dated 1833, Grant 1999:55 [ref. 24295], Nico 2001:152 [ref. 25828], Lundberg & Littmann in Reis et al. 2003:443 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:60 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:83 [ref. 28131], Ferraris 2007:344 [ref. 29155], Barriga Salazar 2014:115 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:175, 192 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:33 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:34 [ref. 35565] with author as Valenciennes 1821, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:95 [ref. 35633], Pires et al. 2017:335 [ref. 35378] and cf. zungaro, Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:80 [ref. 35773], Grant 2021:141 [ref. 38702], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:24 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:56 [ref. 41297]). Current status: Valid as Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt 1821). Pimelodidae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River systems (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.