hypophthalmus, Arius Steindachner [F.] 1876:581 [31], Pl. 10 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 72 (1. Abth.); ref. 18772] Panama. Holotype (unique): not yet found at NMW or MCZ. Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:40 [ref. 29155]. On p. 31 of separate. See van Oijen et al. 2009:236 [ref. 30423] as hypophthalums in main heaading.. •Valid as Cathorops hypophthalmus (Steindachner 1876) -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:69 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:56, 58 [ref. 23101], Kailola & Bussing in Fischer et al. 1995:879 [ref. 22829], Kailola 2004:132 [ref. 28108], Marceniuk & Menezes 2007:44 [ref. 29031], Ferraris 2007:40 [ref. 29155], Marceniuk 2007:46 [ref. 29324], Marceniuk & Betancur-R. 2008:42 [ref. 29576], Marceniuk et al. 2009:274 [ref. 30406], Marceniuk et al. 2012:666 [ref. 32225], Marceniuk et al. 2016:138 [ref. 34763], Marceniuk et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40422]). Current status: Valid as Cathorops hypophthalmus (Steindachner 1876). Ariidae: Ariinae. Distribution: Central America: Pacific River drainages, Panama. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.