maculicauda, Otocinclus Steindachner [F.] 1877:222 [6], Pl. 1 (Figs. 2-2b) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 76 (1. Abth.); ref. 14247] Southeastern Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 45381:1. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1904.1.28.12 [ex MCZ] (1); MCZ 89082 [ex MCZ 7769] (2); NMW 45380-81 (7, 6). Type catalog: Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155]. Misspelled caudimacula once. On p. 6 of separate. Lectotype selected by Schaefer 1996:1034 [ref. 22569]. •Valid as Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner 1877) -- (Garavello 1977:11 [ref. 7249], Isbrücker 1980:80 [ref. 2303], Garavello 1988:117 [ref. 6853], Burgess 1989:439 [ref. 12860], Lacerda & Evers 1996:88 [ref. 22351], Montoya-Burgos et al. 1998:367 [ref. 23850], Isbrücker 2001:30, 31 [ref. 25653], Ribeiro et al. 2002:223 [ref. 26534], Isbrücker 2002:25 [ref. 27178], Schaefer in Reis et al. 2003:327 [ref. 27061], Garavello & Britski 2003:258 [ref. 27469], Gauger & Buckup 2005:516 [ref. 28562], Ferraris 2007:283 [ref. 29155], Chiachio et al. 2008:610 [ref. 30127], Sarmento-Soares et al. 2009:196 [ref. 30254], Britski & Garavello 2009:60 [ref. 30260], Lehmann A. & Reis 2012:62 [ref. 32074], Rosa et al. 2014:59 [ref. 33228], Roxo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34921], Roxo et al. 2017:267 [ref. 35139], Roxo et al. 2017:351 [ref. 35310], Roxo et al. 2019:354 [ref. 36855], Reis et al. 2020:469 [ref. 38364], Silva-Junior et al. 2020:12 [ref. 37598], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:47 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Parotocinclus maculicauda (Steindachner 1877). Loricariidae: Hypoptopomatinae. Distribution: South America: coastal rivers between Espírto Santo to Santa Catarina and Rio de Janeiro states (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.