maculocephala, Cascadura Ellis [M. D.] 1913:387, Pl. 25 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (nos 3-4) (art. 13); ref. 1270] Rio Uruguay at Uruguayana, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 54878 [ex CM 3539]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:83 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:21 [ref. 12367], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155]. •Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) -- (Reis 1997:303 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:305 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.