melampterus, Callichthys Cope [E. D.] 1872:275, Pl. 14 (figs. 4-5) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 8318. Paralectotypes: ANSP 8319-28 (10, 1 c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:32 [ref. 13621], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155]. Lectotype selected by Reis 1997:303 [ref. 22747]. •Valid as Cataphractops melampterus (Cope 1872) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:16 [ref. 9708], Burgess 1989:364 [ref. 12860]). •Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828) -- (Reis 1997:302 [ref. 22747], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:304 [ref. 27061], Ferraris 2007:128 [ref. 29155], Litz & Koerber 2014:23 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:39 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hoplosternum littorale (Hancock 1828). Callichthyidae: Callichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater.