flammeus, Cynolebias Costa [W. J. E. M.] 1989:185, Fig. 1 [Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia v. 2 (no. 9); ref. 14323] Marsh at junction of Rio Bezerra and Rio Paraná, Arraias, Tocantins, Brazil [ca. 13°10'S, 47°00'W, elevation about 450 meters]. Holotype: MNRJ 11552. Paratypes: MCP 12795 (2), MNRJ 11553 (3). •Valid as Cynolebias flammeus Costa 1989 -- (Costa 1995:51 [ref. 22097]). •Valid as Simpsonichthys flammeus (Costa 1989) -- (Costa 1996:130 [ref. 25271], Costa 1998:75 [ref. 23792], Lazara 2001:297 [ref. 25711], Costa in Reis et al. 2003:541 [ref. 27061], Costa 2006:17 [ref. 28620], Costa 2007:128 [ref. 29445], Costa 2008:156 [ref. 29874]). •Valid as Hypsolebias flammeus (Costa 1989) -- (based on generic placement in Costa 2011 [ref. 31654], Nielsen et al. 2012:70 [ref. 32283], Nielsen et al. 2014:28 [ref. 33143], Nielsen et al. 2014:132 [ref. 33451]). Current status: Valid as Hypsolebias flammeus (Costa 1989). Rivulidae: Cynolebiinae. Distribution: Middle Tocantins River basin, Tocantins, central Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.