macrocephalus, Leporinus Garavello [J. C.] & Britski [H. A.] 1988:68, Fig. 1A [Naturalia (São Paulo) v. 13; ref. 11864] Rio Cuiabá, Barao de Melgaço, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 36586. Paratypes: MZUSP 4393 (1), 13417-18 (2), 14513-14 (2), 14612 (1), 14838-43 (6), 27191 (1), 35281 (1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:474-475 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Leporinus macrocephalus Garavello & Britski 1988 -- (Britski et al. 1999:78 [ref. 24147], Garavello & Britski in Reis et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:14 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:72 [ref. 28131], Birindelli & Britski 2009:8 [ref. 30144], Britski et al. 2012:458 [ref. 32317], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:13 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski 1988) -- (Ramirez et al. 2017:313 [ref. 34945], Koerber et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:2 [ref. 36736], Birindelli et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37400], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Almeida et al. 2021:2 [ref. 38202], Koerber et al. 2022:22 [ref. 39235], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:4 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40740]). Current status: Valid as Megaleporinus macrocephalus (Garavello & Britski 1988). Anostomidae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Paraguay, Argentina, Brazil and Bolivia). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.